Proof of Loss
Plain English
A proof of loss is your signed, sworn statement of what you're claiming and how much, backed by receipts, estimates and photos. Many claims don't need one, but when the insurer asks for it, there's usually a deadline, and missing it can cause problems with the claim. Read your policy for the rule.
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On this page
Definition
A proof of loss is a formal statement a policyholder gives the insurer setting out the amount being claimed, usually signed and sworn to, with documents that support it. Policies set when one is required and by when. Under the National Flood Insurance Program, for example, FEMA describes it as "the policyholder's statement of the amount of money being requested, signed and sworn to by the policyholder."
Why It Matters
It turns a claim into a formal, documented request, and the deadline is set by the policy, not by when the paperwork feels finished. On federal flood policies the deadline is short, so people affected by a flood need to know about it early.
Real-World Example
Imagine a family whose basement floods. They carry an NFIP flood policy and report the claim. Under the flood policy's rules, they generally have 60 days from the date of loss to send a signed, sworn proof of loss with documentation supporting the amount. Their adjuster offers to help with the form, but under the flood policy that help is a courtesy, and the 60-day deadline is still theirs to meet. They keep a dated copy of everything they send.
Common Misconceptions
- Assuming the adjuster files it for you. On NFIP flood policies, the adjuster may help, but the policy says that's "a matter of courtesy only," and the policyholder must still send it within 60 days.
- Thinking the deadline starts when the paperwork is ready. It's usually counted from the date of loss or the insurer's request, depending on the policy.
- Assuming each claim needs one. Many claims are settled without a formal proof of loss; the policy and the insurer's request decide.
Key Takeaways
- FEMA describes the NFIP proof of loss as "the policyholder's statement of the amount of money being requested, signed and sworn to by the policyholder, with documentation to support the amount requested."
- The NFIP flood policy says: "Within 60 days after the loss, send us a proof of loss, which is your statement of the amount you are claiming under the policy signed and sworn to by you."
- The Texas Department of Insurance notes that a home insurer "may ask you for a signed, notarized proof of loss form" listing your damaged or lost items.
- Keep copies of the form and each document you send, with the date.
Frequently Asked Questions
When do I need to file a proof of loss?
When your policy requires it or your insurer asks for it, within the deadline the policy sets. For NFIP flood policies, it's generally within 60 days of the loss.
Who fills it out?
The policyholder signs it, because it's their sworn statement. Adjusters often help gather the numbers. Attorneys and licensed public adjusters can help policyholders with claims.
What's it commonly confused with?
The claim report. Reporting a claim tells the insurer something happened; a proof of loss is the formal statement of what you're claiming and why.
Related Terms
Related Coverages
- Flood Insurance
- Homeowners Insurance
Related Scenarios
Explore the rest of the Claims category.
Browse Claims terms →Sources
The factual claims on this page were checked against these sources. Rules and figures change, so check the source itself if you need to confirm the current version.
- Standard Flood Insurance Policy, Dwelling FormFEMA, National Flood Insurance Program
- National Flood Insurance Program claim forms for policyholdersFEMA
- Home insurance guideTexas Department of Insurance
Educational information, not advice: This page is for general education only, not legal, financial, or insurance advice. Actual coverage, discounts, and requirements depend on your policy’s wording, your insurer, and the laws of your state. Confirm specifics with your own insurer or a licensed agent before making a decision. Insurpedia does not sell insurance and does not recommend specific insurers.